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Andreas Cleyer (27 June 1634 – between 20 December 1697 and 26 March 1698) was a German physician, pharmacist, botanist, trader and Japanologist. == Biography == Andreas Cleyer could be called a "soldier of fortune." He began as a modest soldier, and he made his fortune and reputation during the course of a career. He rose in the ranks of the Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), becoming a respected and well-known figure in the VOC's Batavian society. *1666: Andreas Cleyer, who had studied medicine and had acquired a license to practice medicine, came initially to Southeast Asia as a soldier (''adelborst'') of the ''VOC''. His medical background led to a better posting as the manager of the VOC's military hospital pharmacy in Batavia and later the city pharmacy too. During this period, he also became rector of the Latin school. *1680: Cleyer was appointed a member of the Council of Justices (''Raad van Justitië'') in Batavia. *1862-1863: The Council of the Indies (''Raad van Indië'') at Batavia named Cleyer as ''Opperhoofd'' of the VOC trading post (''factorij'') at Dejima in Japan. His first period of duty encompassed October 20, 1682 through November 8, 1683. Assisted by his gardener George Meister, Cleyer conducted botanical investigations and reported his observations in numerous letters addressed to scholars throughout Europe. *1685-1686: Cleyer returned again to Dejima from October 17, 1685 through November 5, 1686. On this occasion, he was banished from Japan by the Tokugawa authorities. He was reproached for failing in his duty to control smuggling. Cleyer added to western botanical, zoological and medical knowledge in the course of his time in Southeast Asia. His collecting and categorizing activities were noteworthy in their number and extent. His name can be found in many 17th century travel accounts (e.g. Heinrich Muche, Johann Wilhelm Vogel, Johann Konrad Rätzel). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Andreas Cleyer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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